What is OSHA's Definition of a Competent Person?

Ensuring a safe work environment should be a top priority for any employer. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) plays a big role in achieving this goal by establishing and enforcing safety standards across various industries. One of the many ways they make this happen is through the designation of a "competent person." But what exactly does OSHA mean by "competent person," and why is it so important? Continue reading to learn more.

What is a Competent Person?

OSHA defines a competent person in its construction standards (29 CFR 1926.32(f)) as "one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has the authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them."  In simpler terms, a competent person is someone with the knowledge, experience, and authority to recognize potential safety hazards in the workplace and take steps to address them.

Competent Person Qualifications

There's no one-size-fits-all answer to who qualifies as a competent person. The specific qualifications will depend on the nature of the work being performed and the associated hazards. However, some general characteristics a competent person should have may include:

• Knowledge of Applicable Standards: A competent person should have a thorough understanding of relevant OSHA standards specific to the job site. This includes familiarity with safety regulations for equipment, fall protection, electrical work, and any other activities taking place.
• Hazard Identification Skills: The core competency lies in the ability to identify potential hazards in the work environment. This includes recognizing both existing dangers and anticipating situations that could develop into safety risks.
• Corrective Action Authority: Simply identifying hazards isn't enough. A competent person must have the authority to take corrective actions to eliminate or mitigate the risks. This may involve shutting down operations, stopping unsafe work practices, or initiating the implementation of necessary safety measures.
• Communication Skills: Effective communication is key. The competent person needs to be able to clearly communicate identified hazards to workers and explain the necessary corrective actions.

Which Tasks Require a Competent Person?

OSHA standards reference competent persons in numerous regulations across various industries.  Some common examples where a competent person is required include:

• Construction: Competent persons are often necessary for tasks involving scaffolding, fall protection systems, trenching and excavation, confined space entry, and demolition work.
• Electrical Work: Identifying electrical hazards and ensuring safe work practices with electrical equipment often necessitate a competent person.
• Material Handling: Competent persons play a role in ensuring safe lifting practices and the proper use of cranes, hoists, and other material-handling equipment.
• Confined Space Entry: Competent persons are crucial for overseeing confined space entry operations, ensuring proper ventilation, testing for atmospheric hazards, and establishing safe entry procedures.

How Many Competent Persons Do You Need on Site?

The number of competent persons required will depend on the size and complexity of the worksite and the specific hazards involved. A small worksite with a single, low-risk task may only necessitate one competent person. However, a large construction project with multiple crews and diverse activities might require several competent persons with expertise in different areas.

How Does Someone Prove They're a Competent Person?

OSHA doesn't dictate a specific certification or training program for becoming a competent person.  Employers have the responsibility to designate a competent person based on their qualifications and experience.  Here are some ways to establish competency:

• Formal Training: Relevant safety training courses or certifications can demonstrate knowledge of specific safety standards and best practices.
• Experience: Experience working in similar environments and familiarity with the types of hazards encountered can be a valuable asset.
• Demonstration of Skills: Employers may evaluate potential competent persons through practical assessments to gauge their ability to identify and address hazards.

Ultimately, the employer needs to be confident that the designated competent person has the necessary knowledge, experience, and authority to effectively safeguard worker safety.

Consequences of Not Having a Competent Person on Site

The importance of having a competent person on site cannot be overstated. Failing to do so can lead to serious consequences:

• Worker Injuries: Without proper hazard identification and mitigation, the risk of workplace accidents and injuries significantly increases.
• OSHA Citations and Fines: OSHA inspectors may cite employers who fail to designate a competent person. These citations can come with hefty fines.
• Work Stoppage: In cases where a competent person is deemed necessary for safe operations, OSHA may order a work stoppage until a competent person is designated.

Invest in Your Safety with OSHA.com

While experience is valuable, there's no substitute for a strong foundation in safety protocols and hazard identification. Becoming a competent person can help you take an active role in safeguarding your workplace and the well-being of your colleagues.

OSHA.com offers training designed for supervisors, foremen, safety coordinators, and directors eager to deepen their understanding of OSHA standards. These courses are created to provide students with the expertise needed to serve as competent persons on their sites. Begin your journey today!